Monument to the Discoveries - Lisboa

FTP I The Monument of the Discoveries is one of Lisbon's key landmarks, being located in one of the city's most heritage - rich areas. Created by the architect Cottinelli Telmo (1897-1948) and the sculptor Leipoldo de Almeida (1898-1975),an ephemeral version of the monument was erected for the first time for the Exposicio do Mundo Portugues (Portuguese World Exhibition). The definitive construction dates feom 1960, the year in which the 500th anniversary of the death of Henrique the Navigator was commemorated.

HENRIQUE THE NAVIGATOR
(1394-1460)

The son of Filipa de Lencastre (1359-1415), and King Joao 1 of Portugal (1357-1433). His ability to combine religious, political, scientic and economic goals made Henruque the Navigator the most important figure associated with the great age of the discoveres. He was the driving force behind initiatives that led to the discoveries of Madeira in 1444, the Azores Island in 1427, and Cape Verde in 1444. The passing of Cape Bojador in 1434 marked the start of the exploration of the west coast of Africa. He was never satisfied with familliar territory and right up to his death he was still ordering the caravels to go furhter onwards until the Indies.

WIND ROSE

In order to decorate the square leading to the Monument, the Republic of South Africa offered a Compass Rose measuring fifty metres in diameter, created from black and red limestone ashlars and containing a fourteen - metre planisphere. Inlaid ships and caravels mark the main routes established during the age of Portuguese Expansion. The work was designed by the architect Cristino da Silva (1896-1976).

CHRONOLOGY OF THE PORTUGUESE EXPANSION

1418 - Madeira
1427 - Azores
1434 - Cape Bojador
1444 - Cape Verde
1460 - Guinea
1471 - Mina
1475 - Sao Tome and Principe
1483 - Congo
1483 - Angola
1488 - Cape of Good Hope
1497 - Natal
1498 - Qelimane
1498 - Calicut, India
1498 - Malindi
1500 - Madagascar
1500 - Terra Novo
1500 - Porto Seguro, Brazil
1502 - Cananea
1505 - Ceylon
1507 - Ormus
1509 - Daman
1509 - Malacca
1511 - Pegu
1512 - Maluku Islands
1512 - Timor
1514 - River Plate
1514 - Canton River (Chu Kiang)
1516 - River Ganges
1525 - Palau Islands

MONUMENT TO THE DISCOVERIES - PEOPLE

Prince Pedro - son of King Joao l
Queen Filupa de Lencastre - mother of Prince Henruque de Navigator
Fernao Mendes Pinto - Writer
Friar Goncalo de Carvalho - dominican
Friar Henruque de Coimbra - franciscan
Luiz Vaz de Camoes - poet
Nuno Goncalves - Painter
Gomes Eanes de Zurara - chronicker
Pero da Covilha - traveller
Jacome de Miorca - cosmographer
Pero de Escobar - Pilot
Pedro Nunes - mathematician
Pero de Alenquer - pilot
Gil Eanes - navigator
Joao Goncalves Zarco - navigator
Prince Fernando - son of King Joao l
Prince Henruque. - the navigator, son of King Joao l
Afonso V - King
Vasco da Gama - navigator
Afonso Baldaia - navigator
Pedro Alvares Cabral - navigator
Fernao de Magalhaes-navigator
Nicolau Coelho -navigator
Gaspar Corte - Real - navigator
Martim Afonso de Sousa - navigator
Joao de Barros - writer
Estevao da Gama - capitan
Bartolomeu Dias - navigator
Diogo Cao - navigator
Antonio de Abreu - navigator
Afonso de Albuqueque - governor
Francisco Xavier - missionary
Cristovao da Gama - capitan

Mogadouro - Portugal

LOCATION
Mogadouro is located in the North-east area of Trasos-Montes, in the Mirandese Plateau, between the Douro and Sabor rivers. 
It is surrounded by the coutres of Vimioso, Miranda do Douro, Alfandega da Fe,  Moncorvo and Freixo de Espada a Cinta,  as well as by the Spanish minicipalities of Ribeirinhos do Douro,  Salamanca and Zamora.
It is a vast coutry,  about 470 sq.  mi.  it has 28 parishes,  56 villages with 11.350 inhabitants.  The maximum hegtht in Castanheira Mountain is 3254 m, and the average altitude is 2296 m. Mogadouro is 53 km away from Braganca.

HISTORY
The ancient peopling in the coutry of Mogadouro goes back to a pre-historical era. The villages of Barrocal Alto and Cunho, the megalithic monuments in Pena Mosqueira, Sanhoane, Barreiro and Modorra, the rupestral art in Fraga da Letra and Penas Rolas document the pre-historical occupation, along with other scattered which can be seen at the village's Archaelogical Museum Room.
The king D.  Alfonso III granted the rst Foral 1 in 1272, renewing it the folliwing year in 1512 king D. Manuel bestowed a new Foral.  On november 2oth 1433, the village of Mogadouro is donated to Alvaro Pires de Tavora. From this moment forward, it has been connected to the Tavora famaly. The Tavora's started a remarkable ascent and when they reach the title of Marquis, holding an important and powerful position in the region.

HERITAGE
Once in village of Mogadouro one cannot miss a visit to the historic centre wehere you can visit the Mogadouro Castle,  the Romanesque Mother Chuech, although it was replaced by the temple which can nowadays be appreciated in the village centre,  the Misericordia Church,  the pillory, the Pegados Manor House,  as well as the Saint Francis Convent and Church, built by order of D.  Kuis Alvares de Tavora in the rst decades of the 17th century. Historical monuments such as castle ruins (Castro), the Romanesque churches of Algosinho and Azinhoso, pillories and the typical buildings which can small villages if this coutry stand asvindelible evidences of a vast and valuablevhistorical heritage.

ECONOMY
The coutre's economy depends mostly on agriculture and cattle rising. The small farm agriculture supplements the income of many families. With dailiproductions above 3.400.000 oz.  /22.700 gal., the dairy sector stands as an economical support for the country. Olive oil from the Sabor river valley, grapes from the Douro river valley cork, wood, honey, smoked, sausage, certied. Mirandese meat and other products represent the richness of Mogadouro.

HANDCRAFTS

Mogadouro plays a prominent role in the linen cycle presenting exqusite classic embroidery towellings, stone sculptures, propttery, jewellery and miniature farm implements.

S. Pedro's Lighthouse

The Lighthouse of S. Pedro, also know as the lighthouse of "Penedo da Saudade" located on the northern parto the town, inaugurad in 1912, stands 51meters high from sea level up to the top of its tower, having interior spiral staircase of 135 stone steps. The strong bearn of light reaches up to a distance of 41 miles and it is produced by two piwerful lenses of 3000W lamps.
Altinude: 39.76443 N
                   9,76443 W